The Urban Heat Island in Kraków

The presentation focuses on a comparative analysis of the extent of the Urban Heat Island (UHI), comparing the results of studies from 2013 and 2023 and showing how, over the course of a decade, the extent and intensity of overheating in Kraków have changed. These analyses were then further developed in subsequent expert studies carried out up to 2025, which made it possible to identify the city’s most vulnerable areas and to develop recommendations for four land-use structures: urban squares, parking lots, transport corridors, and large housing estates.